Impacts of Imidacloprid and Flupyradifurone Insecticides on the Gut Microbiota of Bombus terrestris

Bumblebees are important pollinators for crops and wild flowering plants. Various pesticides have threatened the abundance diversity of bumblebees. In addition to direct sublethal effects, may alter gut microbial communities bees. Imidacloprid flupyradifurone insecticides both bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. However, latter was assumed be harmless honeybees can even applied crops. this study, we assessed impacts these two on queenless microcolonies microbiota Bombus terrestris. We found that 10 ?g/L imidacloprid significantly impeded syrup consumption, postponed egg-laying period, larvae, pupae development. It decreased relative bumblebee-specific symbionts, Apibacter Lactobacillus Firm-5. On contrary, did not reduce block larvae development in Although no significant phenotypes were observed, PICRUST revealed suppressed pathways, involving carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide translation, membrane transport. Our findings suggest appropriate use new pesticide considered safe bumblebees, but underlying mechanism warrants further investigation.